FireFighter Exposure to PFAS
PFAS or 'Forever Chemicals' are a family of over 10,000 man-made chemicals, which include PFOS, PFOA, and GenX. They are characterized by a carbon-fluorine bond that does not exist in nature and does not break down naturally. Originally invented and widely used for their waterproofing and nonstick properties, PFAS are now known to be extremely toxic. They are virtually indestructible and persistent (in both human bodies and the environment), and they have linked to a wide range of negative health outcomes, including cancer, autoimmune disease, obesity, and developmental outcomes.
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF or firefighting foam) was previously thought to be the main source of PFAS exposure to firefighters, but recent studies have revealed firefighters' personal protective equipment, or "turnout gear," is a more significant and direct exposure pathway. Turnout gear contains significant quantities of PFAS chemicals in both the outer layer (outer shell) and inner layer (moisture barrier). Firefighters can be exposed by direct contact with the gear via their skin, via dust particles inhaled within the station, and by breathing in the chemicals as they are emitted from the uniforms. This includes off-gassing of PFAS from the gear where it is left or stored in the firehouse, or other locations. Wash water used to clean the PPE is subsequently contaminated as well, which can affect water quality for downstream communities.
Firefighters face cancer at rates well beyond the general public. The World Health Organization recently announced that firefighting is now officially recognized as a cancer-causing profession. PFAS chemicals are linked to many detrimental health issues, particularly an increased risk of various forms of cancer. According to research by the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), firefighters have a 14 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than the general U.S. population. In 2019, more than 75% of the names of firefighters added to the IAFF Fallen Fire Fighter Memorial Wall of Honor in Colorado were members who died from occupational cancer.
Firefighters risk their lives every day in the line of duty. For their personal protective equipment to threaten their health and safety because it’s made of toxic chemicals is a disservice to them and their families. If you or a loved one are a firefighter and are seeking representation or information in regard to the connection between PFAS in turnout gear and cancer, we can help. For more information please call (919) 754-1600 or email us.
